Disaster Management is the core area of work of the
Pakistan Red Crescent Society. Besides natural disasters to
which our country is prone to, we now suffer from many man-induced
disaster situations, which is a fall out of situation along
our western borders. The PRCS has set accordingly priorities
(see PRCS
Program Priorities)
(see General
and Disaster Profile).
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Question # 1: What are Disaster
Phases and Terminoligies?
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To clearly understand
Disaster Management some important concepts and terms have
been introduced and clarified, with the likely process that
leads to what is commonly termed as a ‘disaster event’.
This latest development on the understanding of disasters,
have helped Movement Partners to come up with “active”
rather passive “methodologies” to cope with disasters
and their consequences.
Different ideas and other vital variables have been brought
into the analysis of disasters, the most crucial being,
social and economic variables. Disasters are thus identified
as a process behind which a number of crucial factors are
at play. Some of the key terms in defining the process,
which result in a disaster, can be identified as vulnerability,
risk, and hazard.
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Question # 2: What are Hazards?
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| Hazard is defined as the probability of
occurrence of dangerous phenomena at a given place within
a given period of time. A hazard can be related to numerous
causes such as rising water levels, prolonged dry periods,
high winds and so on. |
Question # 3: What is Vulnerability?
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| Vulnerability is defined as the degree
of susceptibility to a hazard, or the lack of capacity to
absorb the impact of a hazard and recover from it. Vulnerability
is related not only to physical factors, but also to a range
of social, economic, cultural and political factors. |
Question # 4: What is Risk?
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| Risk is defined as the product of hazard
and vulnerability; a statistical probability of damage to
a particular element which is ‘at risk’ from a
particular source or origin of hazard.
A disaster, accordingly is an outcome of a hazard impacting
on vulnerable populations, which can be presented in the following
formula:
Disaster = Hazard + Vulnerability
Thus, hazard by itself is not a disaster unless there are
vulnerable populations who don’t have the capacity to
absorb it, and who are unable to cope with it.
This conceptualization is adeptly highlighted in all the
DP programs undertaken by PRCS during past few years. The
objective of the interventions (Structural and non-structural)
is to reduce vulnerability of people, and strengthen their
capacity and to mobilize the community and the resources in
order to reduce the vulnerability.
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Question # 5: What is Disaster
Mitigation?
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Disasters, whether natural or man-made, cost billions of
rupees and have tragic results: lives are lost, families
separated, homes destroyed and jobs lost. After a disaster,
businesses may be in chaos for weeks, and many never recover.
Communities must rebuild damaged roads, bridges and public
buildings. Although not all disasters can be prevented,
Disaster Mitigation can reduce the damage.
Disaster Mitigation is any action or measure that either
prevents that occurrence of a disaster or reduces the severity
of its effects. The concept of Disaster Mitigation has been
around for many years, even though the term may not be familiar
to everyone. An example of Disaster Mitigation is the use
of small bridges in Lyari (Karachi) or barbed wire along
the sides of river in the same area, this is the one of
the many Disaster Mitigation activities being carried out
in Pakistan. Disaster Mitigation is an integral part of
many data center operations, which routinely create backups
of important data. Disaster Mitigation may not completely
prevent the affects but Mitigation activities can reduce
the effects of many hazards.
The spectrum of Disaster Mitigation is much wider when it
is planned at the National Level. The interventions entail,
constructing dykes to check the floods, rerouting of the
water flow at the time of floods and widening of canals,
etc.
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Question # 6: Goals of Disaster
Management Program of PRCS!
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Prioritization of the most disaster prone areas, form Disaster
Management perspective (both natural and man-induced) at
each administrative tier in the province such as Districts,
Union Council, Villages etc.
Enhance the PRCS Disaster Preparedness/Response capacities
in the areas of Human Resource, Infrastructure Development,
Equipment support and Training etc, for the benefit of the
vulnerable communities.
Coordination and networking with the stakeholders to ensure
better practices before, during and after disaster.
Integration of other core areas of PRCS such as Health,
Humanitarian Values, Organization Development with Disaster
Management, where possible for optimum effects.
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Question # 7: What is Community
Base Disaster Preparedness (CBDP)?
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The CBDP includes an aggressive citizen involvement component
that enables those who live near a site to get involved
in the decision process by participating in implementing
the critical plans that may affect their health and the
environment.
CBDP involves both the PRCS employees and the community
collectively to reach out to community residents, local
and state leaders, and environmental and citizen groups
to identify the public's concerns, to keep interested citizens
informed and involved, and to work with PRCS and Donor ‘s
technical staff to be sure that issues and concerns are
considered and fully understood before embarking on any
Mitigation activities.
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DISASTER MANAGEMENT IMPORTANT
LINKS
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