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Disaster Management FAQs & Links

Disaster Management is the core area of work of the Pakistan Red Crescent Society. Besides natural disasters to which our country is prone to, we now suffer from many man-induced disaster situations, which is a fall out of situation along our western borders. The PRCS has set accordingly priorities

(see PRCS Program Priorities)

(see General and Disaster Profile).

Security tight as Bush arrives in Britain
Question # 1: What are Disaster Phases and Terminoligies?

To clearly understand Disaster Management some important concepts and terms have been introduced and clarified, with the likely process that leads to what is commonly termed as a ‘disaster event’. This latest development on the understanding of disasters, have helped Movement Partners to come up with “active” rather passive “methodologies” to cope with disasters and their consequences.

Different ideas and other vital variables have been brought into the analysis of disasters, the most crucial being, social and economic variables. Disasters are thus identified as a process behind which a number of crucial factors are at play. Some of the key terms in defining the process, which result in a disaster, can be identified as vulnerability, risk, and hazard.

Question # 2: What are Hazards?


Hazard is defined as the probability of occurrence of dangerous phenomena at a given place within a given period of time. A hazard can be related to numerous causes such as rising water levels, prolonged dry periods, high winds and so on.

Question # 3: What is Vulnerability?


Vulnerability is defined as the degree of susceptibility to a hazard, or the lack of capacity to absorb the impact of a hazard and recover from it. Vulnerability is related not only to physical factors, but also to a range of social, economic, cultural and political factors.

Question # 4: What is Risk?


Risk is defined as the product of hazard and vulnerability; a statistical probability of damage to a particular element which is ‘at risk’ from a particular source or origin of hazard.

A disaster, accordingly is an outcome of a hazard impacting on vulnerable populations, which can be presented in the following formula:

Disaster = Hazard + Vulnerability

Thus, hazard by itself is not a disaster unless there are vulnerable populations who don’t have the capacity to absorb it, and who are unable to cope with it.

This conceptualization is adeptly highlighted in all the DP programs undertaken by PRCS during past few years. The objective of the interventions (Structural and non-structural) is to reduce vulnerability of people, and strengthen their capacity and to mobilize the community and the resources in order to reduce the vulnerability.

Question # 5: What is Disaster Mitigation?

Disasters, whether natural or man-made, cost billions of rupees and have tragic results: lives are lost, families separated, homes destroyed and jobs lost. After a disaster, businesses may be in chaos for weeks, and many never recover. Communities must rebuild damaged roads, bridges and public buildings. Although not all disasters can be prevented, Disaster Mitigation can reduce the damage.

Disaster Mitigation is any action or measure that either prevents that occurrence of a disaster or reduces the severity of its effects. The concept of Disaster Mitigation has been around for many years, even though the term may not be familiar to everyone. An example of Disaster Mitigation is the use of small bridges in Lyari (Karachi) or barbed wire along the sides of river in the same area, this is the one of the many Disaster Mitigation activities being carried out in Pakistan. Disaster Mitigation is an integral part of many data center operations, which routinely create backups of important data. Disaster Mitigation may not completely prevent the affects but Mitigation activities can reduce the effects of many hazards.
The spectrum of Disaster Mitigation is much wider when it is planned at the National Level. The interventions entail, constructing dykes to check the floods, rerouting of the water flow at the time of floods and widening of canals, etc.

Question # 6: Goals of Disaster Management Program of PRCS!

Prioritization of the most disaster prone areas, form Disaster Management perspective (both natural and man-induced) at each administrative tier in the province such as Districts, Union Council, Villages etc.
Enhance the PRCS Disaster Preparedness/Response capacities in the areas of Human Resource, Infrastructure Development, Equipment support and Training etc, for the benefit of the vulnerable communities.
Coordination and networking with the stakeholders to ensure better practices before, during and after disaster.
Integration of other core areas of PRCS such as Health, Humanitarian Values, Organization Development with Disaster Management, where possible for optimum effects.

Question # 7: What is Community Base Disaster Preparedness (CBDP)?

The CBDP includes an aggressive citizen involvement component that enables those who live near a site to get involved in the decision process by participating in implementing the critical plans that may affect their health and the environment.
CBDP involves both the PRCS employees and the community collectively to reach out to community residents, local and state leaders, and environmental and citizen groups to identify the public's concerns, to keep interested citizens informed and involved, and to work with PRCS and Donor ‘s technical staff to be sure that issues and concerns are considered and fully understood before embarking on any Mitigation activities.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT IMPORTANT LINKS
• ReliefWeb

• Alertnet

http://www.alertnet.org/

• CRID

http://www.crid.desastres.net/crid/indexen.htm

• OneWorld

http://www.oneworld.net/

• FEWS Net

http://www.fews.net/

• Overseas Development Institute (ODI)

http://www.odi.org.uk/index.html

• Refugee Studies Centre - Forced Migration Review, University of Oxford

http://www.fmreview.org/

• Red R

http://www.redr.org/

• International Crisis Group

http://www.intl-crisis-group.org/

• EUFORIC (Europe's Forum on International Cooperation)  http://www.euforic.org/
• (a gateway on capacity building)  http://www.capacity.org/
• CrisisWeb  http://www.crisisweb.org/
• The Humanitarian Practice Network (HPN)  http://www.odihpn.org.uk/index.html
• (Interactive Agenda, Reports and Press Releases published by International Organizations, UN Agencies and NGOs)  http://www.public-info.org/
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)  http://www.ifrc.org/
International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC)  http://www.icrc.org/
Relief for Corrupt government leaders, extreme weather, Weak educational systems and Humanitarian  http://www.relief.org/
Worldwide Disaster Aid And Information Via The Internet  http://www.disasterrelief.org/